THIRTY YEARS AGO, the notion that corporations ought to sponsor think tanks that directly support their own political goalsrather than merely fund disinterested researchwas far more controversial. But then, in 1977, an associate of the AEI (which was founded as a business association in 1943) came to industrys rescue. In an essay published in the Wall Street Journal, the influential neoconservative Irving Kristol memorably counseled that corporate philanthropy should not be, and cannot be, disinterested, but should serve as a means to shape or reshape the climate of public opinion.
Kristols advice was heeded, and today many businesses give to public policy groups that support a laissez-faire, antiregulatory agenda. In its giving report, ExxonMobil says it supports public policy groups that are dedicated to researching free market solutions to policy problems. What the company doesnt say is that beyond merely challenging the Kyoto Protocol or the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act on economic grounds, many of these groups explicitly dispute the science of climate change. Generally eschewing peer-reviewed journals, these groups make their challenges in far less stringent arenas, such as the media and public forums.
Pressed on this point, spokeswoman Lauren Kerr says that ExxonMobil has been quite transparent and vocal regarding the fact that we, as do multiple organizations and respected institutions and researchers, believe that the scientific evidence on greenhouse gas emissions remains inconclusive and that studies must continue. She also hastens to point out that ExxonMobil generously supports university research programsfor example, the company plans to donate $100 million to Stanford Universitys Global Climate and Energy Project. It even funds the hallowed National Academy of Sciences.
Nevertheless, no company appears to be working harder to support those who debunk global warming. Many corporations have funded, you know, dribs and drabs here and there, but I would be surprised to learn that there was a bigger one than Exxon, explains Ebell of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, which, in 2000 and again in 2003, sued the government to stop the dissemination of a Clinton-era report showing the impact of climate change in the United States. Attorney Christopher Hornerwhom youll recall from Crichtons audiencewas the lead attorney in both lawsuits and is paid a $60,000 annual consulting fee by the CEI. In 2002, ExxonMobil explicitly earmarked $60,000 for the CEI for legal activities.
Ebell denies the sum indicates any sort of quid pro quo. Hes proud of ExxonMobils funding and wishes we could attract more from other companies. He stresses that the CEI solicits funding for general project areas rather than to carry out specific sponsor requests, but admits being steered (as other public policy groups are steered) to the topics that garner grant money. While noting that the CEI is adamantly opposed to the Endangered Species Act, Ebell adds that we are only working on it in a limited way now, because we couldnt attract funding.